Educational Challenges, Skill Awareness, and Empowerment Gaps among Munda, Santal, Oraon, and Bhumij Tribal Communities in Nadia and North 24 Parganas, West Bengal

Abstract

This study explores the educational challenges, skill-based awareness, empowerment gaps, technical and vocational education access, and gender disparities among the Munda, Santal, Oraon, and Bhumij tribal communities in selected blocks of Nadia and North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. Employing a mixed-method research design, the study surveyed a total of 2,500 respondents, including tribal and non-tribal populations across Bagdah, Bangaon, Gaighata, Hingalganj, Minakhan, Sandeshkhali II, Swarupnagar, Chakdaha, Santipur, Krishnanagar, Bagula, and Ranaghat. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires, while qualitative data were gathered via semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The findings reveal that tribal communities face significant educational and skill development challenges, larger empowerment gaps, and persistent gender-based disparities compared to non-tribal groups. The study recommends targeted educational interventions, skill development programs, gender-sensitive policies, and infrastructure improvements to empower tribal communities and enhance socio-educational outcomes.