From Representation to Leadership: Enhancing the Decision-Making Role of Tribal Women in Panchayati Raj Institutions of Jharkhand

Abstract

The participation of tribal women in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) is a crucial measure of democratic inclusiveness in India. Although the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 and the Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act of 1996 (PESA) have expanded opportunities for women’s representation, the transition from symbolic participation to substantive leadership remains incomplete in Jharkhand’s tribal regions. This study investigates how tribal women can move beyond token representation to achieve genuine decision-making authority within PRIs. Drawing on field data and qualitative insights from Ranchi district, the research identifies the interplay of structural barriers, patriarchal norms, and institutional limitations that restrict women’s autonomy. At the same time, it highlights positive trends such as the emergence of self-help groups, capacity-building programs in local dialects, and increasing awareness of gender rights. The paper proposes a three-dimensional empowerment framework integrating legal reforms, institutional support, and socio-economic initiatives to strengthen women’s independent leadership in local governance. The findings affirm that empowering tribal women as decision-makers is essential not only for gender equality but also for realizing sustainable and inclusive grassroots democracy in India.