An Analytical Study of Vedic and Modern Astronomy in India
Keywords:
Vedic Astronomy, Modern Astronomy, Nakshatra, Panchanga, Vedanga Jyotisha, ISRO, AstroSat, Chandrayaan, Women in Astronomy, Indian Astronomy, Stellarium, AstrophysicsAbstract
This study explores the evolution of astronomy in India from the Vedic period to modern times. Vedic astronomy, rooted in the concept of cosmic order (Ṛta), utilized Nakshatra systems, Muhurta calculations, and Panchanga-based timekeeping for rituals, agriculture, and calendar formation. Classical astronomers such as Aryabhata and Brahmagupta further developed mathematical models, trigonometry, and planetary theories.
In contrast, modern Indian astronomy is based on empirical observations using advanced tools such as telescopes, satellites, and space missions conducted by ISRO, including Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan, AstroSat, and Aditya-L1. This study also highlights the contributions of women from ancient scholars like Gargi Vachaknavi to modern scientists in ISRO.
The paper presents a comparative analysis between Vedic and modern astronomy and introduces an original contribution by integrating ancient astronomical concepts with modern digital tools like Stellarium for educational and research purposes. The study demonstrates that Indian astronomy is a continuous scientific tradition combining cultural heritage with modern advancements.
